The Eternal Time of History - Part XI

As the eleventh century unfolded, the clash of civilizations became increasingly evident.
Starting from the great cultural and enlightened era associated with the studies of Ibn Sina, under the Shiite Islamic dynasty of the Buwayhids, destined to succumb to the blows of the Seljuks, the story moves to Normandy, following the vicissitudes of the battles in France and then in England during the reign of William the Conqueror.
The century ended with a blaze of violence, unleashed by the First Crusade and the attempts, by commoners and nobles, to bring the Holy Land back under Christian rule, exemplified by the unspeakable massacre that followed the capture of Jerusalem.